One of the earliest telescopes was built by Galileo Galilei in 1609.

He used it to make scientific observations of the phases of Venus, the four largest moons of Jupiter and of sunspots.

Wind wheels were known since antiquity as a means to power a machine.

In the 14th century windmills became very popular in Europe to mill grain or pump water.

Wireless telegraphy was developed in the 1890s by Guglielmo Marconi.

It was used to send Morse code signals using electromagnetic radio waves.

Chemistry is about elements and their compounds and reactions with each other.

It is crucial to understand many aspects of biology, geology, astrophysics, pharmacology and other disciplines.

Pressure produced by hot steam is used to push a piston inside a cylinder which in turn drives a rotating wheel.

These engines were used commercially starting in the 18th century and provided the power for the Industrial Revolution.

The Solar System is our home in the Milky Way galaxy. In ancient Greek astronomy models and mechanisms existed which described the movements of the planets around the sun (Antikythera mechanism).

This knowledge was lost in the Middle Ages until the scientific revolution in the Renaissance.

Ivan Pavlov is famous for his concept of the conditioned reflex which is an automatic form of learning.

A dog which is always fed with an accompanying sound will associate that sound with the food and react to it by salivating, even when no food is given. This theory led to a new understanding of behavior and learning processes.

Mendel's cultivation experiment with intermediate inheritance of four o'clock plants:

Gregor Mendel established the rules of heredity and is seen as the father of modern genetics.

Intermediate inheritance of the plants produces mixed color (pink) in the first generation of descendants and a ratio of 1:2:1 of pure and mixed colors in the next.

This is a thought experiment to discuss how quantum physics laws will or will not apply to large scale everyday objects.

A cat is assumed to be in a sealed box together with a poison flask which will break if a radioactive atom decays (which is a fundamentally random event).

According to the "Copenhagen" interpretation of quantum mechanics after some time the atom will be simultaneously decayed and not decayed.

Accordingly the cat would be dead and alive at the same time as long as no one looks into the box. The question is when and why exactly the quantum superposition ends?

The experiment shows that light and matter have characteristics of particles as well as waves and also demonstrates the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics.

There are several variations of the experiment which offer fascinating insights into the very nature of things.

Beams directed through a double slit barrier will produce a wavelike interference pattern but still it can be shown that at each time only one slit is passed which is characteristic for particles and not for waves.

Scales to measure weight were known for more than 4000 years. Standardization of weights played an important role in trade and science.

Galileo Galilei showed around 1590 that the speed of falling bodies is independent of their weights.

Feathered wings work better for birds than for humans but gliders like Otto Lilienthal built in the 1890s lead the way to flying and modern planes.

Isaac Newton often told the story that a falling apple inspired him to his theory of gravitation.

His famous book "Principia" was published in 1687 and was the basis of classical mechanics which is used till today for non-relativistic technologies.